The forecast for the share of scientific publications involving international collaboration in immunology and microbiology in Italy shows a steady increase from 2024 to 2028. In 2023, this share was at 32.50%. The data for the subsequent years—2024 through 2028—indicates incremental growth, with an average year-on-year increase of approximately 1%. The CAGR for this five-year period reflects this gradual upward trend, emphasizing a strong and consistent collaboration effort in the sector.

Future trends to watch for include:

The role of new technological advancements and platforms in facilitating international collaboration.
The impact of European Union policies on research and innovation collaboration structures.
Shifts in funding allocation and priorities, especially in response to global health challenges.