The total internal R&D personnel in Canada's manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products is forecasted to grow steadily from 2024 to 2028, with anticipated values rising from 458 full-time equivalents (FTEs) in 2024 to 526 FTEs in 2028. This indicates an average annual increase of roughly 3% over the five-year period. The year-on-year variation highlights a consistent growth trajectory, with personnel numbers improving by approximately 3.7% each year. As of 2023, the baseline figure for R&D personnel remains unspecified in the provided data.

Future trends to watch for:

Technological advancements in refining processes may demand increased R&D engagement.
Environmental regulations could drive a shift toward sustainable practices, impacting R&D focus and personnel needs.
Market volatility in crude oil prices could influence budget allocations for R&D activities in the sector.