Between 2013 and 2023, the output of refined petroleum products and coke in Germany saw a notable decline from 77.96 billion euros to 46.37 billion euros. The most significant annual drop occurred in 2020 with a decrease of 32.05%. This period was followed by a recovery phase, with an average year-on-year variation of around 6.67% over the last two years. Looking back over the last five years from 2018 to 2023, the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) was -3.87%, indicating a consistent downward trend.

For the future, from 2024 to 2028, the forecast indicates a continued decline, with a 2028 projection of 35.3 billion euros and a five-year CAGR of -4.36%. This represents an overall decrease of 19.99% over this forecast period.

Future trends to watch:

Environmental regulations and policies impacting the petroleum and coke industry
Technological advancements in renewable energy sources
Global economic factors affecting demand for refined petroleum products
Shifts in energy consumption patterns and consumer preferences