The forecasted railway transport volume of coke and refined petroleum products in Italy shows a gradual decline from 1.68 million metric tons in 2024 to 1.58 million metric tons by 2028. This represents approximately a 0.6% year-on-year decrease in 2025 and 2026 and a slight acceleration of this decline to around 1.25% by 2028. Comparing these figures to the actual data from 2023, it suggests a consistent downward trajectory over these years. The overall compound annual growth rate (CAGR) across these five years further underscores an average drop-off in volume.

Future trends to watch for include:

Technological advancements in refining processes potentially reducing transportation volumes.
Increasing emphasis on green energy sources possibly diminishing the reliance on fossil fuels.
Shifts in Italian and EU policy frameworks influencing the transport and energy sectors.