The forecasted tax expenditure on coal for consumers in Germany shows a consistent downward trend from 2024 to 2028, decreasing annually from 1.53 billion USD in 2024 to 1.09 billion USD in 2028, based on constant 2020 dollars. This consistent decline represents an annual average reduction of around 7.8% over this five-year period, reflecting Germany's continued efforts towards greener energy sources and reduced reliance on coal. As of 2023, the expenditure stood at higher levels, indicating a decisive policy shift towards sustainability.

Future trends to watch for:

More stringent environmental regulations impacting coal consumption.
Technological advancements in renewable energy potentially accelerating the transition.
Potential fluctuations in coal market prices influencing tax expenditure levels.