In 2023, the Netherlands led in cooling water discharge to inland waters in Europe with 5.43 billion cubic meters, followed by Spain and Serbia with 5.37 and 3.99 billion cubic meters, respectively. Year-on-year variations saw declines in most countries, notably the Czech Republic with a 4.22% drop, whereas Bulgaria and Kosovo experienced slight increases. Looking over five years, the compounded annual growth rate reveals a declining trend across the continent, with Finland and the Czech Republic showing marked decreases.
Future trends to watch include technological advancements in water cooling and management and increased regulatory pressures for sustainable water usage. These factors may further influence discharge trends and foster innovations across European countries in the coming years.
Top countries in Total Cooling Water Discharged to Inland Waters by Country
| # | 10 Countries | Million Cubic Meters | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Netherlands | 5,430 | 2023 | -3.3% | -1.41% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Spain | 5,370 | 2023 | -0.79% | -0.49% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Serbia | 3,990 | 2023 | +2.04% | -0.22% | View data |
| 4 | 4 Bulgaria | 3,760 | 2023 | +0.57% | +0.78% | View data |
| 5 | 5 Slovenia | 779.01 | 2023 | +1.03% | +0.59% | View data |
| 6 | 6 Estonia | 711.39 | 2021 | +22.75% | -13.68% | View data |
| 7 | 7 Finland | 526.27 | 2023 | +3.21% | -2.44% | View data |
| 8 | 8 Czech Republic | 376.98 | 2023 | -0.85% | -4.22% | View data |
| 9 | 9 Croatia | 222.68 | 2023 | -0.022% | +0.067% | View data |
| 10 | 10 Lithuania | 165.06 | 2021 | -28.44% | +2.42% | View data |
