Italy's fossil energy refinery output is projected to decrease gradually from 2024 to 2028, reflecting a consistent downward trend. In 2024, the forecasted output is 73.64 million tonnes of oil equivalent, with a declining trend observed annually by about 0.61% on average by 2028. Compared to 2023, which stood at 74 million tonnes of oil equivalent, this highlights a sustained decrease in output.

Future trends to watch for include:

Policy shifts in Italy towards renewable energy resources as part of broader EU commitments.
Technological advancements in refining efficiency that could alter production capabilities.
Potential disruptions or enhancements in global energy supply chains that may affect output.