Germany's production volumes of coke and refined petroleum products showed significant variability from 2013 to 2023. The highest recorded value was in 2016, while a notable decline occurred in 2020. By 2023, the volume stood at €51.03 billion, displaying a manageable year-on-year decline of 0.7%. The average annual variation over the last five years (CAGR) indicated a slight upward trend of 0.28%. Moving forward, the forecasted data from 2024 to 2028 indicates a steady decline, averaging a -0.59% annual contraction (CAGR), with an overall drop in volumes by about 2.9%.

Future trends to watch for:

The impact of green energy initiatives and reduced dependency on fossil fuels.
Technological advancements and their influence on refining processes.
Global economic factors affecting demand for coke and refined petroleum products.