In 2023, Spain led European investments in the protection of ambient air and climate within the business sector of manufacturing coke and refined petroleum products with €96.7 million. Italy followed with €32.1 million, showing a strong growth rate of 6.71%. Germany and Estonia recorded declines, with figures at €10.5 million and €2.7 million, respectively. Greece's investments remained almost negligible at €0.2 million. Variations from previous years indicate a lack of substantial change in Spain and Greece, while Germany experienced a slight decline. Over the past five years, the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) suggests stable yet varied dynamics across these countries.
Future trends to watch include the increasing regulatory pressures on reducing carbon emissions, which may drive higher investments. Additionally, advancements in green technology and shifting political landscapes could influence the investment decisions in this sector. Countries with currently low levels of investment, like Greece and Estonia, could potentially experience growth as they align more closely with European Union environmental standards and policies. The evolving geopolitical situation, particularly in energy policies, will also play a pivotal role in shaping these investments.
Top countries in Gross Fixed Capital Formation and Acquisition Less Disposals of Non-Produced Non-Financial Assets in Protection of Ambient Air and Climate in Manufacture of Coke and Refined Petroleum Products by the Business Sector by Country
| # | 5 Countries | Million Euros | Last Year | YoY | 5-years CAGR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Spain | 96.7 | 2023 | +1.79% | +0.1% | View data |
| 2 | 2 Italy | 32.1 | 2023 | -1.53% | +6.71% | View data |
| 3 | 3 Germany | 10.5 | 2023 | -11.76% | -1.46% | View data |
| 4 | 4 Estonia | 2.7 | 2023 | +8% | +0.76% | View data |
| 5 | 5 Greece | 0.2 | 2023 | 0% | 0% | View data |
