In the German pulp, paper, and paperboard industry, the labor cost per employee FTE is forecasted to rise from 69.9 thousand euros in 2024 to 73.9 thousand euros by 2028. Compared to the actual data from 2023, which was 68.9 thousand euros, this represents a steady year-on-year increase of approximately 1.4%. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for this period is expected to be around 1.4%, indicating a consistent upward trend in labor costs.

Future trends to watch for:

Potential impacts of technological advancements on workforce efficiency and labor costs.
Economic factors and inflation that may alter operational expenses.
Regulatory changes affecting labor markets and employee cost structures.
Global supply chain dynamics influencing raw material costs and indirect labor expenses.