Analysis of Italy's forecasted higher education expenditure on R&D in all fields shows a steady increase from 2024 to 2028. For the year 2023, the spending stood at 7.95 billion USD PPP. The forecasted expenditure is projected to rise from 8.07 billion USD in 2024 to 8.24 billion USD by 2028. Year-on-year percentage increase from 2023 to 2024 is 1.51%, from 2024 to 2025 is 0.62%, from 2025 to 2026 is 0.49%, from 2026 to 2027 is 0.49%, and from 2027 to 2028 is 0.49%. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) over the five-year forecasted period stands at 0.72%.
Future trends to watch include increasing governmental and private sector investments in innovation and technology, which could further boost R&D expenditure. Additionally, monitoring changing policies in education funding and international collaborations in research could provide insights into potential shifts in expenditure patterns.